A study of facially expressed emotions as a function of age, exposure time, and sex in children.

Facial expressions and body language constitute a major component of communication in the human population. There are no studies in the dental literature that have examined children's ability to recognize facial expressions. The purpose of this study was to determine children's accuracy and latency to respond to facial expressions (photographs) as a function of age and sex. Sixty children were recruited randomly and placed into three groups according to their age (3, 6, and 9 years) with 20 children per group. They were shown photographs of three different emotions (happiness, anger, and sadness) expressed by actors at three different exposure times (0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 sec), tachistoscopically. The children's responses (accuracy and latency) were recorded. The results indicated that three year olds were significantly less accurate and took longer to respond than the older children. Factors that may have influenced the results and clinical implications are discussed.