Dépistage des troubles auditifs chez des nouveau-nés à risque.

The present report concerns a three year, eight month hearing screening in 1 531 high-risk neonates by means of two successive transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) recordings followed, cin cases of suspected hearing loss, by brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) recording and otolaryngology (ORL) consultation. After TEOAE1 and 2 and BAEP testing, 1 361 infants (88.9%) were declared normal, and 170 (11%) suspected of hearing loss. Of these 170, 58 showed bilateral and 26 unilateral impairment. Definite hearing loss on ORL consultation was diagnosed in 14 infants (0.9% of the screened population as a whole); 22 are still followed, while 86 (5.6%) failed to consult for diagnosis. The mean age on diagnosis of definite hearing loss on ORL consultation was 9.9 +/- 4.9 (range 4-20) months. Several auditory function risk factors have been proved to be more frequent in deaf than in normal children. Our results show that early hearing loss screening in at-risk neonates needs to be pursued.