Transesophageal echocardiography in congenital heart surgery: Perioperative considerations

Transesophageal echocardiography plays an integral role in modern congenital cardiac surgery. Perioperative details such as probe selection, proper insertion technique, and concurrent hemodynamic monitoring are often underemphasized, but have a significant impact on patient safety in the operating room. Herein, we provide an in-depth review of transesophageal echocardiography probe selection and placement techniques, contraindications, and management of equipment in the operating room. Minimizing the risks involved with transesophageal echocardiography should be a goal for every cardiac surgical team.