Case report: Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as massive cervical adenopathy and retropharyngeal thickening: Importance of chest radiography and coordinated airway and anesthetic management

Objective: To demonstrate the importance of chest radiography and special anesthetic management in children with massive cervical adenopathy. Method: Case report of an 8-month-old infant who presented to the emergency department with fever, drooling, and massive cervical and mediastinal adenopathy. Safe anesthetic management allowed for cervical lymph node biopsy, which showed Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Results: Chest imaging and special anesthetic techniques (intravenous anesthesia and positioning in the lateral decubitus position) should be considered for children with massive cervical and mediastinal adenopathy. Conclusions: Interdisciplinary airway, radiographic, and anesthetic management is recommended for children who present with massive and cervical and mediastinal adenopathy.