Results of transplantation for acute and chronic hepatic allograft rejection

Background/Purpose: Transplantation for rejection is a requirement in liver transplant recipients when allograft failure is imminent. The authors evaluated the outcome of these children and their allografts. Methods: The medical records of 129 children who received a liver transplant were reviewed retrospectively. Twelve children required transplantation for biopsy-proven rejection - 10 chronic and two acute. Overall patient and graft survival were compared with children receiving primary liver transplants. The current allograft function of the patients undergoing transplants was also reviewed. Statistical significance was determined by Fisher's Exact test. Results: Twelve children received at least one retransplant for biopsy-proven rejection. Graft survival at 1 year was 58% (v 79% for primary transplants) and patient survival was 83% (vs 89%). Two allografts were lost because of primary allograft nonfunction. Three additional allografts were lost-two to recurrent rejection and one to hepatic artery thrombosis. Two patients who lost a second transplant to rejection required a total of seven transplants to treat rejection. Two children died, one of primary nonfunction and one of adenovirus pneumonia. The 10 surviving patients all have excellent graft function (total bilirubin, 0.74 ± 0.38, aspartate aminotransferase, 40 ± 22). Conclusion: These data suggest that transplantation for rejection can be accomplished safely with a patient survival rate comparable to primary liver transplantation; however, graft loss is excessive and underscores the need for more adequate immunosuppression.