Transthoracic echocardiogram assessment of atrial septal defects in pediatric patients

Atrial septal defects are the second most common congenital heart defects. Transthoracic echocardiogram is the imaging modality of choice to diagnose atrial septal defects in the pediatric population and delineate the anatomic type of atrial septal defect. This imaging modality not only allows diagnosis but also permits evaluation of concomitant congenital cardiac defects and secondary physiological changes. Clinicians and sonographers must have a thorough understanding of the appropriate echocardiographic views to completely assess an atrial septal defect and neighboring intracardiac structures. This information is essential to determine if a patient is a candidate for a catheterization based intervention or if the patient would be a better candidate for surgical intervention.